[過去ﾛｸﾞ] 【政治経済】平成床屋談義　町の噂その720 (751ﾚｽ)
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679: 2018/06/29(金)12:39 ID:QFzTuZX6(11/43) AAS
外部ﾘﾝｸ[html]:www.openculture.com
Umberto Eco Makes a List of the 14 Common Features of Fascism
Umberto Ecoによる、ファシズムに見られる14の共通事項

１）The cult of tradition. “One has only to look at the syllabus of every fascist
movement to find the major traditionalist thinkers. The Nazi gnosis was nourished
by traditionalist, syncretistic, occult elements.”
　伝統主義（の仮面）
２）The rejection of modernism. “The Enlightenment, the Age of Reason, is seen as
the beginning of modern depravity. In this sense Ur-Fascism can be defined as irrationalism.”
　近代（合理）主義の否定
３）The cult of action for action’s sake. “Action being beautiful in itself, it must be
taken before, or without, any previous reflection. Thinking is a form of emasculation.”
　行動のための行動というカルト、行動は美しく、思考は無力である
４）Disagreement is treason. “The critical spirit makes distinctions, and to distinguish is
a sign of modernism. In modern culture the scientific community praises disagreement as
a way to improve knowledge.”
　同意しないならば反逆である
５）Fear of difference. “The first appeal of a fascist or prematurely fascist movement is
an appeal against the intruders. Thus Ur-Fascism is racist by definition.”
　異なることへの恐怖
６）Appeal to social frustration. “One of the most typical features of the historical fascism
was the appeal to a frustrated middle class, a class suffering from an economic crisis or
feelings of political humiliation, and frightened by the pressure of lower social groups.”
　社会的なフラストレーションを煽る、虐げられた中間階層とか
７）The obsession with a plot. “The followers must feel besieged. The easiest way to solve
the plot is the appeal to xenophobia.”
　筋書きつきの強迫観念、外国人恐怖とかの
８）The enemy is both strong and weak. “By a continuous shifting of rhetorical focus, the
enemies are at the same time too strong and too weak.”
　敵は強すぎると共に弱すぎる、レトリカルな焦点の継続的なシフト

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