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Hydrogen Program PlanにおけるTransportationの項目の水素燃料電池車
の推進
外部ﾘﾝｸ[pdf]:www.hydrogen.energy.gov
Transportation accounts for more than a third of U.S carbon dioxide emissions60 and can be a key
contributor to localized air pollution. Hydrogen and fuel cells are an important part of a portfolio of
options to reduce transportation-related emissions, because they can be used in specific applications
that are hard to decarbonize such as long-haul heavy-duty trucks. Additional examples include other
medium- and heavy-duty vehicles that require longer driving ranges, involve heavy loads,
or demand faster refueling times than may be available with battery electric vehicles alone.
With increased urgency to reduce emissions and energy-related expenses, significant opportunities exist,
as the medium- and heavy-duty sector accounts for 25% of annual vehicle fuel use even though
it is only 4% of the vehicle fleet.61In addition to its use in fuel cells, hydrogen can also be combined
with carbon dioxide to produce synthetic fuels, offering even more ways to meet the needs of various transportation applications.
These synthetic fuels could allow certain applications or regions to continue using internal combustion engines
and the vast existing liquid-fuel infrastructure for hard-to-decarbonize end uses
such as long distance commercial aircraft. Similar to these pathways that utilize hydrogen and carbon dioxide,
hydrogen and nitrogen can be used to produce ammonia for use in multiple applications.
The forklift and material-handling industry is an example of an early market successes for hydrogen fuel cells in transportation,
where DOE’s early investment over a decade ago has now led to over 35,000 systems commercialized by the private sector
(as of 2020) without any further DOE funding. Hydrogen is also already being used in more than 8,800 passenger and commercial vehicles,
with a growing infrastructure of approximately 45 hydrogen fueling stations in the United States.62, 63 With over 25,000 fuel cell vehicles
and more than 470 fueling stations worldwide,64 the United States is already a major player in this emerging market.
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