【日本史】GHQに焚書された書籍

【日本史】GHQに焚書された書籍 (542ﾚｽ)
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68: 2024/09/13(金)20:55 AA×

68:  [sage] 2024/09/13(金) 20:55:40.70

In this highly controlled context, the traders became the sole official conduit for trade and for scientific-cultural exchanges between Europe and Japan. The VOC opperhoofd was accorded the status of a tributary of the shogun; Titsingh twice had to pay an obligatory annual visit of homage to the shogun in Edo. Given the scarcity of such opportunities, Titsingh's informal contacts with bakufu officials of Rangaku scholars in Edo may have been as important as his formal audiences with the shogun, Tokugawa Ieharu.[7]
この厳重に管理された状況下で、貿易商はヨーロッパと日本の間の貿易と科学文化交流の唯一の公式な仲介者となった。東方貿易商は将軍の貢物という地位を与えられ、ティチングは江戸の将軍に2度、義務的な年次訪問をしなければならなかった。そのような機会がほとんどなかったことを考えると、ティチングが江戸で幕府の役人や蘭学者と非公式に接触したことは、将軍徳川家治との正式な謁見と同じくらい重要だったかもしれない。[7]

During the 18th century there was an improvement of the social position of the Dutch merchants and the treatment of the Dutch vis--vis the Japanese, who showed a higher degree of respect and recognition than in the centuries before.[8] Nevertheless, the average opperhoofd was not interested in the customs or culture of the Japanese. Titsingh showed an almost incredible interest and distinguished himself as an attentive observer of Japanese civilization for a European of his time when compared to his colleagues in Dejima.[9] Titsingh arrived in Nagasaki on 15 August 1779, where he took over the factory from Arend Willem Feith. He established cordial and amicable relations between the interpreters and Japanese; before his arrival there had been constant fights over trade issues and a deep hostility towards the Japanese interpreter, who seemed in trade issues corrupt to the Dutch traders.

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